Global political transformation has become an increasingly visible phenomenon in recent decades. These changes reflect not only international power dynamics but also fundamental social and economic changes. Various challenges and opportunities exist as a result of this shift. First, the main challenge in global political transformation is increasing populism. Many countries are experiencing the rise of populist leaders who promise quick solutions to complex problems. While this approach often increases political engagement, the long-term effects can be harmful. Populist policies tend to ignore facts and data, leading to policies that are unmeasurable and unsustainable. Second, globalization also presents challenges. Reliance on international supply chains creates vulnerabilities. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, many countries witnessed chaos in the supply of goods and services. Countries are forced to reassess national interests and seek to protect local economies, which can fuel trade tensions and market protectionism. Furthermore, the issue of climate change is increasingly pressing. Aggressive economic globalization has contributed to environmental degradation. Many countries are now facing criticism for their inability to address this problem effectively. At the same time, global awareness of the importance of sustainability is fueling new social movements urging governments to shift to more environmentally friendly policies. This creates new opportunities in green technology innovation and alternative energy. Advances in information technology are also an important aspect of global political transformation. Social media and digital platforms have changed the way people interact and communicate. They enable the rapid dissemination of information and efficient organization of social movements. However, this also creates challenges in the form of misinformation and fake news. Regardless, technology offers opportunities to increase government transparency and accountability. Global peace and security are also threatened by increasing regional conflicts. Wars in various parts of the world are creating refugee crises and political instability that threaten international security. But on the other hand, international collaboration in resolving this conflict can create opportunities for diplomacy and better peaceful resolution. Political culture is also undergoing transformation, with the increasing role of civil society. Social movements play a role in pushing for political reform and human rights. A more informed and engaged society is more likely to hold government accountable, creating space for positive change. Ultimately, demographic changes—such as aging populations and mass migration—are whether or not they are friendly to global policy. This could result in a shift in elections, with younger generations more likely to support a progressive agenda. Global political transformation involves a complex interaction between challenges and opportunities. Every country needs to navigate this landscape wisely to reap the benefits without ignoring the risks that arise. Over time, new political structures can form, making room for the advancement of democracy and social justice.